Antiasthmatic drugs,classification, mnemonics - ONI
Antiasthmatic drugs,classification, mnemonics - ONI

What are the antiasthmatic drugs

The antiasthmatic drugs and tablets are defined as the agent which is used to treat asthma. 

The main cause of asthma is obstructive airway. So albuterol, levalbuterol and terbutaline is considered as a drug of choice and best medicine for asthma. A new drug dupixent are also used to treat bronchial asthma because it provide rapid relieve. 

Some studies are tell that anti asthmstic drugs can cause convulsion and arrhythmia. 


    Mnemonic (Trick ) for remembering classification of antiasthmatic drugs

    The mnemonic for remembering classification of anti asthmatic drugs is Three BROTHERS (B2, METHY, CHOLI) IS MAST CELL STABILIZER. In which BROTHER - B means Bronchodilater, B2 means B2 Sympathomimetics , METHY means Methylxathines, CHOLI means Anti cholinergic and MAST means mast cell stabilizer and in CELL, C - means corticosteroids, L - means Leukotriene antagonist and in STABILIZER  A means Anti - IGE antibody. 

    This mnemonic is only made for the classes of antiasthmatic drugs not for drugs. If you want to mnemonic for every classes of drugs of anti asthmatic drugs then click here. 


    What are the classification of antiasthmatic drugs

    The classification of antiasthmatic drugs is given below as a list.............. 

    1. Bronchodilators 

      (A) B2  Sympathomimetics :-
    • Terbutaline
    • Ephedrine
    • Salbutamol
    • Formoterol 
    • Solmoterol
      (B) Methylxathines :-
    • Theophylline
    • Aminophylline
    • Doxophylline
      (C) Anti-cholinergic :-
    • Ipratropium bromide
    • Tiotropium bromide

    2. Leukotriene antagonist 

    • Montelukast
    • Zafirlukast 

    3. Mast cell stabilizer 

    • Sodium cromoglycate
    • Ketotifen

    4. Corticosteroids

      (A) Systemic :-
    • Hydrocortisone
    • Prednisolone
      (B) Inhalation :-
    • Flunisolide
    • Beclomethasone
    • Budesonide
    • Dipropionate

    5. Anti-IGE Antibody

    • Omalizumab, it is a humanized monoclonal antibody. It is administered by IV or subcutaneous route. It neutralized free IGE in circulation without activating mast cell and other inflammatory cell. 


    What are the mechanism of action of antiasthmatic drugs

    (1) Mechanism of action of bronchodilater

      (A) Sympathomimetics :-

    Administer drugs like salbutamol 
    ⇓
    Stimulate B2 receptor 
    ⇓
    Relaxation of bronchial muscles 
    ⇓
    Dilation of airway
    ⇓
    Increase oxygen supply

      (B) Methylxathines :-
    Administer drugs like theophylline
    ⇓
    Increase cyclic AMP 
    ⇓
    Leads to bronchodilation
    ⇓
    Increase oxygen supply

      (C) Anti-cholinergic :-
    Administer drugs like iprotropium bromide
    ⇓
    Block muscarinic receptor (m2 receptor)
    ⇓
    Results,decrease smooth muscle and contraction in lung
    ⇓
    Bronchodilation
    ⇓
    Increase oxygen supply

    (2) Mechanism of action of leukotriene  antagonist


    Administer drugs like montelukast
    ⇓
    Blocks the action of leukotriene-D4 in the lungs
    ⇓
    Results in decrease inflammation
    ⇓
    Relaxation of smooth muscle
    ⇓
    Bronchodilation
    ⇓
    Increase oxygen supply

    (3) Mechanism of action of mast cell stabilizer


    Administer drugs like sodium cromoglycate
    ⇓
    Restricted the mediators of asthma like histamine, leukotriene, inter leukins
    ⇓
    Increase oxygen supply

    (4) Mechanism of action of corticosteroids

      (A) Systemic :-
    Administer drugs like hydrocortisone
    ⇓
    Inhibit pro inflammatory mediators like prostaglandin, leukotriene
    ⇓
    Suppressed inflammatory response
    ⇓
    Bronchodilation
    ⇓
    Increase oxygen supply

      (B) Inhaled steroids :-
    Administer drugs like budesonide
    ⇓
    Depress the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and fibroblast 
    ⇓
    Decrease inflammation
    ⇓
    Bronchodilation
    ⇓
    Increase oxygen supply


    What are the uses of antiasthmatic drugs

    (1) Bronchodilators 

      (A) Sympathomimetics :-
    • Asthma
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Hyperkalemia
    • Premature labor 
      (B) Methylxathines :-
    • Chronic asthma
    • Acute sever asthma
      (C) Anti-cholinergic :-
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Rhinorrhea

    (2) Leukotriene antagonist

    • Asthma
    • Bronchospasm
    • Allergic rhinitis
    • Urticaria (skin rashes with red, raised, itchy bumbs) 

    (3) Mast cell stabilizer 

    • Bronchial asthma
    • Allergic
    • Conjunctivitis

    (4) Corticosteroids

      (A) Systemic :-
    • Asthma
    • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Sever allergic reaction
    • Eye disease
    • Skin disease
      (B) Inhaled steroids :-
    • Bronchial asthma
    • Allergic rhinitis
    • Conjunctivitis 


    What are the adverse side effects of antiasthmatic drugs

    (1) Bronchodilators 

      (A) Sympathomimetics :-
    • Headache
    • Dry mouth
    • Palpitation
    • Anxiety
    • Tachycardia 
      (B) Methylxathines :-
    • Gastric irritation
    • Diuresis
    • Insomnia
    • Vomiting
    • Palpitation
      (C) Anti-cholinergic :-
    • Vomiting
    • Flushing (runny nose) 
    • Tachycardia
    • Nausea 

    (2) Leukotriene antagonist

    • Nausea
    • Vomiting
    • Headache
    • Rashes

    (3) Mast cell stabilizer

    • Rashes
    • Cough
    • Dizziness

    (4) Corticosteroids

      (A) Systemic :-
    • Hyperglycemia
    • Peptic ulcer
    • Osteoporosis
    • Muscular weaknesses
    • Delay healing
      (B) Inhaled steroids :-
    • Lightheadedness
    • Cough


    What are the contraindications of antiasthmatic drugs

    The contraindications and the conditions in which you should not used antiasthmatic drugs are.............. 

    (1) Contraindications of bronchodilators

      (A) Sympathomimetics :-
    • Diabetes
    • Cardiac injury
    • Hypertension
    • Heart failure
    • Tachycardia
    • Hyperthyroidism
    • Angina
    • Ischemia disease
      (B) Methylxathines :-
    • Hypersensitivity reaction 
    • Low level of thyroid hormone
    • Heart attack
    • Alcoholism
      (C) Anti-cholinergic :-
    • Alzheimer's disease
    • Glaucoma (angel closure glaucoma) 
    • Enlarged prostate
    • Tachyarrhythmia
    • Prostate hypertrophy
    • Hyperthyroidism

    (2) Contraindications of leukotriene antagonist

    • Kidney disease
    • Anxiety disorder
    • Liver toxicity
    • Depression
    • Vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) 

    (3) Contraindications of mast cell stabilizer

    • Peptic ulcer
    • Hypovolemia

    (4) Contraindications of corticosteroids

    • Osteoporosis
    • Pregnancy
    • Heart disease
    • Immunosuppressed condition
    • Diabetes mellitus
    • Pheochromocytoma
    • Hypertension
    • Glaucoma
    • Renal impairment
    • Tuberculosis 
    • Hyperglycemia


    How can you control asthma without an inhaler

    You can control asthma by opening your airway because main cause of asthma is obstructive airway. Sit keep and calm and slightly elevated up you head and open your mouth. Take deep breath. It helps you control asthma without an inhaler but it is good that you keep a inhaler


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