Antidiuretic drugs classification fig. 

What are Antidiuretic drugs

Antidiuretic drugs are the drug which are opposite work to the diuretic. It is also known as antiaquaretics. 

Antidiuretic are the drug that reduce urine out put (volume) by inhibiting H2O elimination without affecting the excretion of salt in the condition of diabetes insipidus (mostly). 

In condition of dehydration ADH released and in the condition of over hydration ADH inhibit. 


    Classification of Antidiuretic drugs

    The antidiuretic drugs are classify in three types as following.......... 

    (A) Antidiuretic hormone

    • Lypressin
    • Terlipressin
    • Desmopressin

    (B) Thiazides diuretic

    • Chlorthalidone
    • Metolazone
    • Xipamide

    (C) Miscellaneous

    • Chlorpropamide
    • Carbamazepine 


    (A) Antidiuretic hormone :- 
    The antidiuretic hormone are also known as vasopressin and 8 AVP (chemical name) which helps to manage water in the body by kidney. It also helps in rise blood pressure. 
    Antidiuretic hormone is stored in posterior pituitary and synthesized in hypothalamus. 
    It is synthetic polypeptide hormone which heve no effect on electrolytes reabsorption. 

    Antidiuretic is contraindicated in the patient with hypertension, ischemic heart disease and other allergic condition. 

    Antidiuretic hormone is administrated by any parenteral route and plasma half life is half hour. 

    Dose :- 10 unit

    How do you test for antidiuretic hormone levels :- If you need to measure level of antidiuretic hormone then meet to your family doctor. Your doctor will done some test like blood test and urine test to measure the level of ADH. 

    (B) Thiazides diuretic :- 
    Thiazides are also act as diuretics but thiazides paradoxically exert an antidiuretic effect on diabetes insipidus in both pituitary origin and renal diabetes.

    Thiazides drugs is mostly used when ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is ineffective. 

    (C) Miscellaneous :- 
    In miscellaneous agent the drug like carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. These drug also have antidiuretic action. 


    Mechanism of action of Antidiuretic drugs

    (A) Mechanism of action of Antidiuretic hormone

    Antidiuretic hormone increase water reabsorption by acting on the collecting duct. 

    Antidiuretic hormone activates V2 receptor present on the cell membrane of the collecting duct and increase water permeability of these cells. 

    Antidiuretic cause vasoconstriction amd rise blood pressure mediated by V1 receptor. 

    It also act on the smooth muscles to increase the peristalsis in the gut and contract the uterus. 

    (B) Mechanism of action of Thiazides

    Thiazides drugs block sodium and chloride in early distal tubule results in decrease GFR rate and increase level of sodium in proximal tubule which helps to decrease elimination of urine in diabetes condition. 

    (C) Mechanism of action of Miscellaneous 

    Miscellaneous agents work by increase ADH (antidiuretic hormone) action on the renal tubules results in decrease elimination of urine. 


    What are the uses of antidiuretic hormone

    (A) Uses of Antidiuretic hormone

    • Diabetes insipidus
    • Bed wetting
    • Von willebrand's disease
    • Bleeding esophageal varices
    • Before abdominal radiography
    • Hemophilia

    (B) Uses of Thiazides

    • Diabetes insipidus
    • Congestive heart failure
    • Edema


    (C) Uses of Miscellaneous

    • Antidiuresis
    • Acute mania
    • Trigeminal neuralgia
    • Seizers


    What are the adverse effects of Antidiuretic drugs

    (A) Adverse effects of Antidiuretic hormone

    • Nausea
    • Abdominal cramps
    • Increase blood pressure
    • Myocardial ischemia
    • Headache

    (B) Adverse effects of Thiazides

    • Hypervolemia
    • Hypotension
    • Over hydration
    • Hyponatremia
    • Weakness
    • Fatigue

    (C) Adverse effects of Miscellaneous

    • Sedation
    • Vertigo
    • Dizziness
    • Vomiting
    • Diarrhoea
    • Diplopia (double vision) 
    • Ataxia (impaired balance) 


    What is difference between diuretic and antidiuretic

    Diuretic Antidiuretic
    Diuretic helps to increase urine volume. 

    		Antidiuretic helps to decrease urine volume. 
    Diuretic drugs most commonly used to treat high blood pressure.

    		 Antidiuretic drugs most commonly used to treat diabetes insipidus. 
    Side effect 
    •     Dehydration
    • Hypotension
    • Hyponatremia

    		 Side effect
    •     Over hydration
    • Hypertension
    • Hypernatremia
    Examples 
    •     Furosemide
    • Captopril
    • Losartan
    • Amlodipine    		 Examples
    •     Terlipressin
    • Carbamazepine
    • Desmopressin
    • Chlorpripamide


    Can diuretic and antidiuretic be given together

    No acording to current study diuretic and antidiuretic can not given together because it both have opposite mechanism of action to towards. Diuretic is an agent which increase urine volume and antidiuretic is an agent which decrease urine volume. If both drugs are given together then it is possible to make a condition of kidney failure


    What hormone is Antidiuretic

    Vasopressin is a long acting endogenous hormone also called antidiuretic hormone which is helpful to regulate fluid volume. It is made by hypothalamus. 


    Is ADH inhibited by Alcohol

    Yes alcohol is responsible for inhibiting ADH hormone (vasopressin) result in some chemical changes occur in kidney and cause you pee more. 


    What are some natural Antidiuretic

    The some herbs is helpful to decrease urination. The Ayurvedic doctor use these herbs to treat various disease condition that is characterized by increase excretion of urine these natural herbs are following....................... 

    (A) Licorice 

    The licorice is a herbs which has an of anti diuretic effect. The licorice is a flowering plant which roots used as medicine. It is found in Asia and europian country. Some time  it is called as liquorice. Licorice is also used to treat the conditions like skin inflammation and ulcer. 

    (B) Yohimbe

    Yohimbe antidiuretic is an evergeen tree which is found in african country. It is commonly used to treat erectile dysfunction and the bioavailability of yohimbe is approximately 33 %. Yohimbe is also known as quebrachine. 

    (C) Valerian 

    Valerian is considered as antidiuretic and also used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. The other name of Valerian is garden heliotrope. 


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