Fallopian tube | Anatomy&Physiology | ONI

                   Fallopian tube 

Introduction of fallopian tube 

• Fallopian tube is a part of woman's reproductive system that is also known as uterine tube, oviduct, salpinges, mullerion duct. 
• Fallopian tube is a hollow and cylindrical part that is extend from the lateral angal of fundus and terminates near the ovary.

 Position of fallopian tube

• Fallopian tube is a 'j shaped' tube and it is lies in the three-fourth superior border of broad ligament (lateral folds of perimetrium) 

Size of fallopian tube 

• Each fallopian tube length is about 10cm (4inch) and 1 to 4 mm in diameter. 

Openings of fallopian tube

The fallopian tube has two opening

1.Uterine opening :-

• The tube that is communicating with the lateral angle of the uterine cavity called uterine opening. 
• It is measure about 1mm in diameter. 

2.Pelvic opening :-

• The lateral end of the tube, called pelvic opening or abdominal ostium. 
• It is measure about 2mm in diameter. 

Histology of fallopian tube 

The fallopian tube has three layer, these are

• Outer layer(serous membrane, consist folds of peritoneum. 
• Muscular layer(outer longitudinal and inner circular) 
• Mucous membrane (lined by ciliated columnar epithelium) 

Note:- mucus membrane of fallopian tube also contain these cells

• Columnar ciliated epithelial cell (contain cilia that created a fluid channel to push ovum) 
• Non ciliated cells (secretary cells, provide nutrition to prevent death of ovum) 
• Pegs cells (known as special cell of fallopian tube) 

Parts of fallopian tube 

Fallopian tube

1.Intramural :- 

• The intramural part of fallopian tube is also known as interstitial. 
• It is a narrowing and narrowest part of fallopian tube that is lying in the uterine walls.
• It is anatomical sphincter. 
• It is 1.25cm long and 1mm in diameter. 

2.Isthmus :-

• It is second narrowest part of fallopian tube that connect the uterus and uterine tube. 
• It is 2.5cm long and 2mm in diameter. It is place where tubectomy is done. 
• It is a physiological sphincter. 

3.Ampulla :- 

• It is a widest and longest part of fallopian tube where fertilization take place. 
• Ampulla is 5cm long and 5mm in diameter and most common site of ectopic pregnancy. 

4.Infundibulum :-

• Infundibulum is a funnel (wide at top and narrow at bottom ) shaped opening at the lateral end of uterine tube. 
• It consist of a finger like project called fimbriae. one of these than the rest are attached to outer pole of ovary called ovarian fimbriae (larget fimbriae that function is transportation of ovum to fallopian tube from ovary). 
• In fallopian tube , it is 1.25cm long and 6mm in diameter. 

Development of fallopian tube 

• It developed from mullarian duct at 6-10 weeks like uterus and vagina.

Function of fallopian tube 

• Helps in transfer of gamates by columnar ciliated epithelial cells. 
• Helps in survival of zygote by non ciliated cells. 

Blood supply of fallopian tube 

Atrial supply is  from the uterine and ovarian artery that is shown in diagram and venous drainage is through the pampiniform plexus into the ovarian artery.

Some other query related to fallopian tube

Blocked of fallopian tube 

• Blocked fallopian tube is also known as tubal factor infertility and tubal occlusion. 
• Most commonly cause of blocked fallopian tube is scarring on the walls of tubes that leads to end portion of tube fluid filled and become swollen. 
• The Fallopian tube carry an egg from an overy to the uterus and conception also happens in the fallopian tube 
• If a fallopian tube is blocked fertilization as well as the path of back to uterus for the fertilized egg 🥚is blocked and become a cause of infertility 

Can you still get pregnant with one fallopian tube 

• Pregnancy is absolutely possible with one fallopian tube if  you are healthy and have a regular menstrual priod and trying two years consistency for concive a child. 

What happens if you lose fallopian tube 

• If you lose your fallopian tube due to any disease conditions it cause infertility means you can't concive a child and won't need contraception. 

• In this condition if you want to consive a child you have a another way of IVF if you still have your uterus

I hope you all like our article on Fallopian tube Anatomy&Physiology , if you have any query related to Fallopian tube Anatomy&Physiology please comment in comment box.